Or…
My son threw a humongous fit today.
Musings from my home-brewed experimental Aspie therapy program (yes, I’ve attended at LEAST one too many seminars…or maybe it’s one too many books…lol):
In the world of behavior modification, reinforcing (or rewarding) a behavior will most likely increase the behavior, and not reinforcing a behavior will most likely result in a decrease of the behavior. Reinforcement can come in unexpected forms. Even negative attention, such as scolding or punishing, can be reinforcing. When you want to decrease or eliminate a particular behavior, the behavior modification model tells you to use the ABC approach: evaluate what happened before the behavior (the trigger, or “Antecedant”), specifically describe the behavior (Behavior), and figure out what happened next that could be the reinforcer (”Consequence). Once you have this figured out, you can engage in a technique called “extinction”. Extinction is basically defined as the non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior in order to extinguish the behavior. The idea is that if you can figure out what reward the child is getting from the behavior and eliminate it, the child will stop behaving that way. Makes a certain level of sense, right?
This technique has worked very well with Cricket as long as the undesirable behavior is not rooted in sensory overstimulation. It can be hard to tell, sometimes, if it’s a “sensory behavior” or a ”behavioral behavior” (I know, it doesn’t make sense, but that’s what I call it in my head), but one way to find out (beyond evaluating the surroundings carefully for sensory culprits) is to try out some behavior management techniques and see what happens. If he responds in the way one might expect from a behavior modification perspective, then it’s probably a “behavioral behavior”. If it’s a “sensory behavior” he will usually not respond to behavior modificaiotn techniques.
Having sat in the classroom with Cricket for a couple of days, I see no sensory culprits. The children in the small class are remarkably quiet and still, and have been nothing but calm and kind. The lighting is good and there is no auditory problem I can detect. It is a fairly stimulating room visually, with lots of “stuff” on the walls, but he is able to function just fine in settings that are much more visually cluttered than this one. I have a suspicion that what we are dealing with is largely a conditioned avoidance response–Cricket has so many negative associations with “school” that he automatically responds to the presence of “school” by doing things like hide under tables to avoid having to participate. This is not going to fly with his Mom. She doesn’t allow that kind of behavior at home, and she’s not going to put up with it at school either. (Have I mentioned that I’m an ogre?) That’s not to say he NEVER engages in avoidance behavior. He’s actually quite skilled at it. If he can get you to whine and cajole, threaten, rage, and plead he will. After all, the whole time that’s going on he’s getting lots of attention and he’s not having to do whatever it is he’s trying to avoid. Just what he wanted! However, we have succeeded in eliminating a lot of his avoidance behavior and significantly reducing the duration of what he does throw at us, largely through the practice of extinction.
So how does extinction work? Basically you withhold the reward he’s been getting for the bad behavior, and you begin rewarding the good behavior you want him to engage in instead. The first day we went to class and he hid under the table, one child and three adults tried kindly to coax him out and wheedle him into participating. (Reward for going under the table: attention, and getting out of participating.) The second day he went under and I just told him that he needed to come out and work if he wanted to have computer privileges after school, and then ignored him. (Reward for hiding under the table: none.) After a few minutes he came out, I ignored the fact that he had come out, but handed him the paper and made a deal with him where I’d do one step, then he’d do the next, and we’d alternate. (Reward for participating: attention.)
Today was fairly dreadful. He hid under the table; I reminded him that participation in the class was a requirement for afterschool computer use, and then ignored him and smilingly shooed away a nice lady who wanted to talk him out. He came out and sat at his desk. But he was NOT happy nor cooperative. What ensued is, I believe, what is known in the behavior modification world as an “extinction burst”. An extinction burst is an increase, or escalation in the targeted undesirable behavior in order to try to get the desired reinforcement. (As illustration, when you push the elevator button you anticipate that the elevator will come. If it doesn’t, rather than just walking away you might push the button again. If it still doesn’t come, you might jab the button harder, or push it several times, or even swear at it. This is an extinction burst–an increase in the behavior that is “supposed to” result in the desired reward.) He flung his pencil and paper on the floor. I ignored it. He shoved his desk over. This got the attention of the rest of the class for a moment, but I just smiled and waved at them and they went back to what they were doing. I told him he needed to set his desk back up properly and get his work done, and then I ignored him. He began trying to grab my glasses. I held his hands to prevent damage, but otherwise ignored him. Then he went ballistic as he has not done in a long time, struggling and scowling and growling threats at me. He slid of his chair in an effort to get me to let go, and I slid down on the floor with him. I didn’t want to let go because there was a little girl at a nearby desk and I didn’t want her to get caught in the crossfire. It’s been awhile since I used it, but technique of slipping behind him, wrapping my arms around his waist, and holding onto his wrists with his arms crossed still comes naturally…sigh. And it still works, even though he’s almost as big as I am now. So we sat there for a few minutes with him huffing and puffing. I calmly informed him that I would let go when I felt he could be safe with others. He said he was going to keep it up until I took him home. I told him we were going to stay for the whole class regardless of how he behaved. Then I ignored him some more. He tried whacking me with his head, but I learned how to dodge that move years ago. After a remarkably short time for this sort of breakdown (yay) he calmed down and said he was ready to be let go. So I let go…and made the mistake of asking if he was ready to set up his desk. He rolled over on the floor and started scowling at the ceiling and ignoring me. I ignored him back.
After a little while it was time to go. He stood up and said he was ready. I said, great, I was ready too and we’d go as soon as he’d put away the things he’d used today. He looked at me like I had an extra head and said he hadn’t used anything. I said he’d used the pencil and paper for throwing, and had tipped over the desk, and he needed to put them all right before we left. He flopped down on the floor and said he was NOT going to stand that desk up. I said that’s ok, I’ll wait and went and found a chair to sit on and ignored him. He rolled around on the floor for probably ten or fifteen minutes hoping I’d change my mind. He flopped over by me at one point to inform me that the only reason he was acting this way was to annoy me. I said I wasn’t annoyed, as I had just found a nice book to read while I waited and had nothing better to do. Once a student tried to help him out by starting to stand up his desk. I told her thanks for being so nice, but it was important for Cricket to do that himself, and she left it. When I wasn’t looking for a minute a teacher who had been out of the room came in and saw the toppled desk and actually scooped it upright before I could stop her. I smilingly explained that Cricket needed to fix the problem he’d created, and tipped it back over. That didn’t go over well with Cricket, who thought he’d won when she started cleaning up after him. He tried telling me that since I had tipped it over, I had better set it back up. I told him he knew better, and went back to ignoring him. Not long after that he inchwormed his way over to the desk and slowly and sulkily set it back upright. I breezed cheerily over and thanked him for taking care of that, and told him he’d done a good job and I was sure it would only take a minute to put away the pencil and paper now that he’d done the big part of the job. He leaned over and picked them up. Then he got a nasty sneer on his face and crumpled up the paper. I smiled and pointed to where the trash can was, and I saw him teetering on the brink of throwing the balled up paper at me. But instead he shoved the pencil inside the desk and stomped over to the trash can. He flung the paper in it, and then turned around and said, “Can we go home now?” Why of course we could now that he’d put his things away, and off we went.
As we went down the hall he nattered on about how it was all my fault for bringing him here, and so forth, and I ignored him. As we walked down the sidewalk on the way home he jumped in front of me and bellowed at me that he hates me, and he’ll ALWAYS hate me. I said that’s ok, sometimes kids hate their parents and he could too if he needed to for a while. And then I walked around him and ignored him. That’s when he hauled off and hit me in the back. I ignored him. He hit me again. A couple of times. I ignored him some more. And then he just fell miserably into step with me and we walked quietly the rest of the way home. When we were almost there he asked in a meek voice what the consequences were going to be. I said that he had needed to participate in the class in order to have computer privileges. Had he participated? He said no he hadn’t so he guessed he didn’t get to use the computer today. What about hitting mom? Well, we set some consequences for that too, including (but not limited to) no computer use for the rest of the week. This will be a hard thing for him, as computer use is the “currency” that matters most to him right now. I left video games out of it so that I would have some leverage for tomorrow…sigh.
So what’s next? A couple of years ago I’d have said we had many more days like this ahead of us before things changed much. We might have another couple of bad days yet. But at this point my guess is that tomorrow will be a pretty good one at school. He will probably cooperate at least to some degree in whatever project they have for us. He will probably sit quietly at his desk. He will probably put things away when it’s time to go. And I’ll probably have the opportunity to lavish praise and attention upon him for a job well done, and maybe even offer a reward of some kind–reinforcing the DESIRED behavior. And the reason I think this is that I THINK that what we had today was a prime example of an extinction burst. It’s possible that the burst will continue or even escalate tomorrow, but with the way his behavior has been lately otherwise, I don’t think he’ll put us through that. My prediction for tomorrow is that the cloudburst has passed, and although I don’t expect clear skies and sunshiney dispositions, I think we’ll at least manage a low-grade overcast calm.
This is good, because if I’m right about this one the next step for him will be his gradually relaxing in the previously stressful environment, working toward actual participation, and possibly even enjoyment down the road a bit. This could be a really good thing.
And he didn’t even leave bruises this time. He lost it, but he didn’t lose it big. Even this is progress.
